題目

?Explain the meaning of a shadow price and calculate the shadow price of qualified researcher time.?

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考點(diǎn)：Chapter4Limitingfactoranalysis

Shadow price?

The shadow price is the extra contribution or profit that may?be earned if one more unit of a binding resource or limiting?factor becomes available.?

It can be used to inform managers of the maximum price?that should be paid for more of a scarce resource over and?above the basic rate. The shadow price of a constraint that is?not binding at the optimal solution is zero.?

Calculation of shadow prices?

At the optimal solution, A = 32.94 and B = 57.10??

Contribution = $54,507?

Qualified researchers?

(32.94 × 20) + (57.10 × 12) = 1,344 = availability?

The constraint is binding. If one more hour of labour was?available, the new optimal product mix would be at the?intersection of the lines:?

? ? ? ? ? ? ?20a + 12b = 1,345 (1)??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8a + 15b = 1,120 (2)

?(2) × 2.5?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?20a + 37.5b = 2,800 (3)?

(3) – (1)?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 25.5b = 1,455?? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? b = 57.06?

Substitute into (1)??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 20a + 684.72 = 1,345??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? a = 33.01?

Contribution = (580 × 33.01) + (620 × 57.06) = $54,523?

The shadow price of one hour of qualified researcher's time?is the extra contribution generated which is $16.?

多做幾道

?Actual overheads cost $180,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

Actual overheads cost $170,000 and 40,000 machine hours were worked.?

材料全屏

A company makes and sells a single product. At the beginning of Period 1, there are no opening?inventories of the product, for which the variable production cost is $4 and the sales price $6 per unit.?

There are no variable selling costs. Fixed costs are $2,000 per period, of which $1,500 are fixed?production costs. Normal output is 1,500 units per period. In Period 1, sales were 1,200 units, production?was 1,500 units. In Period 2, sales were 1,700 units, production was 1,400 units.?

Required?

Prepare profit statements for each period and for the two periods in total using both absorption costing?and marginal costing.?

5

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each period and for the two periods in total using both absorption costing?and marginal costing.?

材料全屏

RH makes and sells one product, which has the following standard production cost.??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?$?

Direct labour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3 hours at $6 per hour? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 18?

Direct materials? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?4 kilograms at $7 per kg? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 28?

Variable production overhead? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?3?

Fixed production overhead? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 20?

Standard production cost per unit? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 69?


Normal output is 16,000 units per annum. Variable selling, distribution and administration costs are 20%?of sales value. Fixed selling, distribution and administration costs are $180,000 per annum. There are no?units in finished goods inventory at 1 October 20X2. The fixed overhead expenditure is spread evenly?throughout the year. The selling price per unit is $140. Production and sales budgets are as follows.??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Six months ending? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Six months ending??

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?31 March 20X3? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 30 September 20X3

Production? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?8,500? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?7,000?

Sales? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7,000? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8,000?

6

【論述題】

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Marginal costing?

Prepare profit statements for each of the six-monthly periods, using the following methods of costing.?

Absorption costing?

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