簡述勞動力商品的價值和使用價值以及勞動力商品的特點。
簡述壟斷利潤的來源。
簡述壟斷階段同自由競爭階段竟爭的不同點。
簡述國家壟斷資本主義有哪些基本形式。
試述資本主義國家對外輸出資本的必要性、可能性及其對經濟落后的資本輸入國的影響。
總結中國改革開放的實踐經驗，我們可以得到哪些啟示？
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商品經濟
（1）勞動力商品的價值是由生產和再生產勞動力商品的社會必要勞動時間決定的。包括以下三部分價值：①維持勞動者自身生存所必需的生活資料的價值；②勞動者繁育后代所必需的生活資料的價值；③勞動者接受教育和訓練所支出的費用。
（2）勞動力的價值決定的一個重要的特點，就是它包括歷史和道德的因素。隨著社會經濟和文化的發(fā)展，必要生活資料的種類和數(shù)量也會增加，質量和結構會發(fā)生變化，勞動力價值的物質內容會不斷擴大。但是，在一定國家的一定歷史時期，必要生活資料是一個可以確定的量。
（3）勞動力商品的使用價值也具有重要的特點。勞動力的使用價值是進行生產勞動的能力，它的消費或使用就是勞動。而勞動凝結在商品中則形成價值。因此，勞動力商品的使用價值的特殊性在于它不僅能創(chuàng)造出價值，而且能夠創(chuàng)造出比勞動力自身的價值更大的價值，從而能為它的購買者帶來剩余價值。?
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