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??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? How to Give a Good Speech

【*】So, you have to give a speech--and you‘re afraid. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think,"Thank goodness, it's over. I'm just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.

【*】Cheer up! It doesn't have to be that bad. ___1___First of all, it is important to plan, Do your homework. Find out everything you can about your subject. And, at the same time, find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Do they have a common interest? Why are they coming to hear you speak? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.

【*】___2___ What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Are you introducing another speaker? Giving a lecture? Convincing someone? There are many possible speaking roles, and they are all different from each other. Make sure you know into which category you fit. Don’t spoil your speech by confusing one speaking role with another

Let us suppose that you have been asked to introduce the main speaker at a meeting. First, find out the most important and interesting things about the speaker. Then, summarize this information in a few words. ___3___ And most importantly, be brief. Remember, you are not the main speaker; you are introducing the main speaker.

【*】If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. ___4___ Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures or charts if they will help you make your points more clearly. ___5___ Don't talk overheads, and don't talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

【*】If you follow these simple steps, you'll see that you don't have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you are asked to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.

A. A successful speech takes your audience on a journey from why to how.

B. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech.

C. Never forget your audience.

D. Then spend plenty of time organizing your materials so that your speech is clear and easy to follow.

E. It is all right to tell a joke if it is in good taste and will not embarrass the speaker.

F. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech-making.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Immigration and Problems

【*】Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be __1__ as citizens rather than criminals. Senator John McCain held the opinion that the country should open a __2__to citizenship to immigrants(移民) who were already in the country illegally, while other politicians__3__ for stricter measures---including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.

【*】Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors __4__. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. __5__ all this growth means that cities need to adapt. New comers don’t always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring(輔導(dǎo))programs to help new __6__ find proper jobs.

【*】With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands, the Spanish Government has decided to get __7__. There will be no more mass amnesties(特赦)for the illegal immigrants, and anyone coming to Spain without __8__ will be sent back.

【*】France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes __9__ in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted"skills and talents"visas(簽證). But some people show the concern that it’ll cause brain drain in 40 countries.

A. immigrants B. However

C developing D.path

E. open F. tough

G. effect H. Therefore

I developed J. permission

K. treated? L.called

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Testing: Is it the only way to Evaluate Students?

【*】About ten percent of __1__ (spend)on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government. For ten years now, federal law has tied this cost to student __2__ (perform). States have been required to show progress through __3__ (year) testing.

【*】States saying testing tells only part of the story about efforts by school and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in __4__ (measure) performance.

【*】The western state of Colorado for example, has a new __5__ (assess) method. The idea is to show __6__ (academy) growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors.

【*】Josh Smith is principal of a middle school in a network of public charter schools __7__ (call). West Denver Prep Charter schools are publicly funded but not operated the same as __8__ (tradition) public schools. Mr. Smith says he likes to show his students this graph so they can see their school’s progress. On average, students enter sixth grade at West Denver Prep __9__ (perform) below grade level. __10__ (strange) enough, most are outperforming other students across the state three years later.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Disappearing Honeybee

Do you run away when you hear a bee buzzing? Many people do. A bee sting hurts and some people are allergic to bee venom(蜂毒). But did you know that bees are very important to humans? Honeybees do more than just make honey. They fly around and pollinate(傳授花粉) flowers, plants, and trees. ___11___ One third of America's food supply is pollinated by the honeybee.

Have you seen or heard a honeybee lately? Bees are mysteriously disappearing in many parts of the world. Most people don't know about this problem. It is called Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD). Some North American beekeepers lost 80% of their hives(蜂巢)from 2006-2008.___12___.

The disappearance of the honeybee is a serious problem. Can you imagine never eating another blueberry? What about almonds and cherries? Without honeybees food prices will skyrocket(猛漲).___13___.

This problem affects other foods besides fresh produce. Imagine losing your favorite ice cream! Haagen Daaz is a famous ice cream company. Many of their flavors rely on the hard working honey bee. ___14___ They also created a website called helpthehoneybee.com.

Donating money to research is the most important thing humans can do to save the honeybees. Scientists need money to investigate the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder. Some scientists blame CCD on climate change. Others think pesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑)are killing the bees.___15___Beekeepers transport their hives from place to place in order to pollinate plants year round.

Not everyone has money to donate regularly. There are other ways to help the honeybee. Spread the word, by telling your friends and family about the problem. Tell your teacher about the disappearing bees too. Maybe your class can write a letter to the government.

A. In 2008 Haagen Daaz began raising money for CCD

B. It is hard to pin down what has been causing honeybees to vanish

C. The poorest people always suffer the worst when there is a lack of food

D. Our fruits, nuts, and vegetables rely on these pollinators.

E. Commercial bee migration may also cause CCD.

F. Bees in Italy and Australia are disappearing too.

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