18世紀(jì)歐洲成就最大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家是（）
古希臘文藝論著《理想國(guó)》的作者是（）
歐洲文人史詩(shī)的開端是（）
賀拉斯關(guān)于文學(xué)的論文是（）
古希臘神話中的英雄傳說(shuō)起源于（ ）
《伊利昂紀(jì)》的開篇是（ ）
職上網(wǎng)在線題庫(kù) > 漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué)本科試題 > 外國(guó)文學(xué)史 > 第五章 西方文學(xué)之18世紀(jì)文學(xué) > 18世紀(jì)歐洲成就最大...
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二、啟蒙主義文學(xué)的發(fā)展概況
菲爾丁（1707-1754）是18世紀(jì)歐洲成就最大的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家。他的喜劇化風(fēng)格，往往通過(guò)夸張、幽默以及諷刺的手法來(lái)描寫、針砭人事。他拓寬了英國(guó)18世紀(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的創(chuàng)作，使讀者在娛樂(lè)和享受中領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的嚴(yán)肅意圖。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動(dòng)物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁(yè)巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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