世界文學史上第一部正面描寫工人階級生活和斗爭的長篇小說是（）
古希臘文藝論著《理想國》的作者是（）
歐洲文人史詩的開端是（）
賀拉斯關于文學的論文是（）
古希臘神話中的英雄傳說起源于（ ）
《伊利昂紀》的開篇是（ ）
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三、現(xiàn)實主義文學的發(fā)展狀況
蓋斯凱爾夫人（1810-1865）曾隨丈夫在憲章運動的中心城市曼徹斯特傳教，對產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的生活和思想有較多的了解。她的小說大多以工人生活為題材。代表作《瑪麗·巴頓》（1848）是世界文學史上第一部正面描寫工人階級生活和斗爭的長篇小說。書中描寫了經(jīng)濟蕭條時期工人與資本家的矛盾沖突，對工人的不幸深表同情，但又用基督教的方式解決勞資雙方的沖突，在各自都悔悟了之后互相寬恕，互相諒解，重新合作。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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