簡述新時期散文整體創(chuàng)作特色。
簡析“十七年”小說創(chuàng)作的缺失。
簡析茹志鵑《百合花》的藝術(shù)特點。
簡述《創(chuàng)業(yè)史》的藝術(shù)成就。
簡述劉白羽散文的時代氣息和藝術(shù)特色。
簡述《邊城》獨特的敘述方式。
題目
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一、概述
（1）一些已有的范式和傳統(tǒng)的禁區(qū)已被沖破。
“五四”散文以作家個性為本位的傳統(tǒng)得到恢復(fù)。作家的創(chuàng)作思想、審美意識、文體觀念都大大解放，寫作技巧也日益成熟。他們用各種方式自由自在地抒寫自己的思想情感，充分表露自己的精神個性，使新時期的散文創(chuàng)作從題材到內(nèi)容都有了極大的自由空間。
（2）新時期散文的品種也較以前豐富。作家回憶錄、人物傳記、札記隨筆、游記以及散文詩等文體紛紛出現(xiàn)。尤其引人注目的是，兩棲于新聞與文學(xué)的報告文學(xué)成為散文的一支主力軍，并且以持續(xù)不斷的創(chuàng)作實績，影響和推動著新時期文學(xué)的發(fā)展。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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