篩選結(jié)果 共找出525題
材料全屏

Truffle Co makes high quality, hand-made chocolate truffles which it sells to a local retailer. All chocolates?are made in batches of 16, to fit the standard boxes supplied by the retailer. The standard cost of labour?for each batch is $6.00 and the standard labour time for each batch is half an hour. In November, Truffle?Co had budgeted production of 24,000 batches; actual production was only 20,500 batches. 12,000 labour?hours were used to complete the work and there was no idle time. All workers were paid for their actual?hours worked. The actual total labour cost for November was $136,800. The production manager at?Truffle Co has no input into the budgeting process.?

At the end of October, the managing director decided to hold a meeting and offer staff the choice of either?accepting a 5% pay cut or facing a certain number of redundancies. All staff subsequently agreed to?accept the 5% pay cut with immediate effect.?

At the same time, the retailer requested that the truffles be made slightly softer. This change was?implemented immediately and made the chocolates more difficult to shape. When recipe changes such as?these are made, it takes time before the workers become used to working with the new ingredient mix,?making the process 20% slower for at least the first month of the new operation.?

The standard costing system is only updated once a year in June and no changes are ever made to the?system outside of this.?

20

【論述題】

?Calculate the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances for November, based on the?standard cost provided above.?

?Analyse the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances into component parts for planning?and operational variances in as much detail as the information allows.?

?Assess the performance of the production manager for the month of November.?

材料全屏

Linsil has produced the following operating statement reconciling budgeted and actual gross profit for the?last three months, based on actual sales of 122,000 units of its single product:?


The standard direct costs and selling price applied during the three-month period and the actual direct?costs and selling price for the period were as follows:?

After the end of the three-month period and prior to the preparation of the above operating statement, it?was decided to revise the standard costs retrospectively to take account of the following.?

1? ? ? ? A 3% increase in the direct material price per kilogram;?

2? ? ? ? A labour rate increase of 4%;?

3? ? ? ? The standard for labour efficiency had anticipated buying a new machine leading to a 10% decrease?in labour hours; instead of buying a new machine, existing machines had been improved, giving an?expected 5% saving in material usage.?


23

【論述題】

?Calculate the revised standard costs.?

?Using the information provided demonstrate how the planning and operational variances in the?operating statement have been calculated.?

?Explain the significance of separating variances into planning and operational elements and the?problems which could arise.?

?In which of the following circumstances are participative budgets likely to be effective??

(1) In very large organisations?

(2) During periods of economic affluence?

(3) When an organisation's different units act autonomously?

(4) In newly-formed organisations?

A

?4 only?

B

?1 and 2?

C

?1, 2 and 3?

D

?1, 2, 3 and 4?

?Participation by staff in the budgeting process is often seen as an aid to the creation of a realistic?budget and to the motivation of staff. There are, however, limitations to the effectiveness of such?participation.?

Which of the following illustrates one of these limitations??

A

?Participation allows staff to buy into the budget?

B

Staff suggestions may be ignored leading to de-motivation?

C

?Staff suggestions may be based on local knowledge?

D

?Budgetary slack can be built in by senior manager as well as staff?

?Which of the following statements about budgeting and motivation are true??

(1) A target is more motivating than no target at all?

(2) The problem with a target is setting an appropriate degree of difficulty?

(3) Employees who are challenged tend to withdraw their commitment?

A

?All of them?

B

?2 and 3 only?

C

?1 and 2 only?

D

?3 only?

?Which of the following best describes a top-down budget??

A

?A budget which has been set by scaling down individual expenditure items until the total?budgeted expenditure can be met from available resources?

B

A budget which is set by delegating authority from top management, allowing budget?holders to participate in setting their own budgets?

C

?A budget which is set without permitting the ultimate budget holder to participate in the?budgeting process?

D

A budget which is set within the framework of strategic plans determined by top?management?