試述謝靈運(yùn)詩歌的創(chuàng)作特點。
試述先秦散文繁榮的原因。
試述溫庭筠詞的藝術(shù)特征。
試述唐傳奇發(fā)展的三個階段及各階段主要作家作品。
試述賈島、姚合詩歌的區(qū)別。
試述韓愈詩歌的創(chuàng)新。
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二、謝靈運(yùn)與山水詩
(1)謝靈運(yùn)山水詩的第一個特點,就是創(chuàng)造了一種山水詩的結(jié)構(gòu)模式,在一首詩中往往是先敘述登游緣起或路線,接著是具體描寫局部景物,最后是議論或感慨。
(2)謝靈運(yùn)山水詩的第二個特點,就是在其局部景物描寫中,通過細(xì)膩的觀察與把握和非常具體的畫面,表現(xiàn)出某一景觀的情思韻味,朝著景物與情思交融的方向發(fā)展。這一點對后世山水詩具有更為深遠(yuǎn)的影響,開后世山水詩意境創(chuàng)造之端倪。
(3)謝靈運(yùn)山水詩的第三個特點,是對山水景物的聲、光、色都有生動的描繪。謝靈運(yùn)的山水詩終究還是山水詩發(fā)展初級階段的產(chǎn)物,尚未達(dá)到構(gòu)造完整意境的階段,還處于有佳句而無佳篇的層次。除前面“玄言尾巴”的問題外,謝靈運(yùn)的一些詩運(yùn)用典故成句過多,而造成節(jié)奏兀緩、堆垛蕪累之病,所以被評為“頗以繁富為累”(《詩品》卷上，“雖存巧綺,終致迂回”,“疏慢闡緩” (《南齊書·文學(xué)傳論》),這些評價不無道理。
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