簡述王世禛的神韻說。
簡述龔自珍的論詩標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“完”。
簡述王世禛的神韻說。
簡述袁宏道論詩“變”之內(nèi)涵。
簡述元好問《論詩三十首》的詩學(xué)理論。
簡述嚴(yán)羽“別材別趣”說。
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王士禛詩論選錄
（1）清代前期，詩壇權(quán)威人物王士禎重視文學(xué)獨(dú)立的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，從唐代司空圖的《詩品》和明代嚴(yán)羽的“妙悟”說、“不著一字，盡得風(fēng)流”中尋找詩歌的真諦所在，提出了影響一代詩人的“神韻說”；
（2）“神韻說”就是力圖擺脫政治等社會因素對詩歌藝術(shù)的干擾，更多地關(guān)注詩歌本身淡遠(yuǎn)清新的意境和含蓄蘊(yùn)藉的語言，從而加強(qiáng)詩歌排閑解愁的消遣娛樂功能。為此，竭力提倡唐代王、孟、韋、柳一派的詩風(fēng)，作品也以描寫山水景色和個(gè)人情懷為主，但缺乏真情實(shí)感是其主要毛病。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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