舉例說明音位和音素的區(qū)別。
簡述語言和民族文化的相互作用。
語言內(nèi)部的詞義形成從哪些方面受到民族文化的影響？
簡述語素義和詞義之間的關(guān)系。
為什么說在論元結(jié)構(gòu)中謂詞是處于支配地位的核心成分?
舉例說明音位和音素的區(qū)別。
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3.1設(shè)立音位的原因
音素是從音質(zhì)角度劃分出來的語音單位,音質(zhì)不同便是不同的音素;音位是從社會功能的角度劃分出來的有區(qū)別意義作用的語音單位,幾個音即使音質(zhì)不同,但如果沒有區(qū)別意義的作用,就可以歸并為一個音位。如漢語普通話里的[a]、[A]、[ɑ]彼此間的音質(zhì)不同但沒有區(qū)別意義的作用,因而可以歸并在同一個/a/音位里。音素是具體的發(fā)音,音位則是由一組彼此的音質(zhì)不同,但沒有辨義作用而音感上又相似的音素概括而成的抽象音類。如從音素角度看,漢語普通話的[a]、[A]、[ɑ]是三個不同的音素, 但從音位角度看,它們都屬于同一個音位。音位總是屬于特定的語言或方言的,而不同的語言或方言卻可能具有相同的音素。如漢語普通話和法語都有[a]和[ɑ],但二者的/a/音位卻具有不同的內(nèi)容。
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