以《上書諫逐客》為例，理解并說明李斯散文的主要特點。
試述先秦散文繁榮的原因。
試述溫庭筠詞的藝術(shù)特征。
試述唐傳奇發(fā)展的三個階段及各階段主要作家作品。
試述賈島、姚合詩歌的區(qū)別。
試述韓愈詩歌的創(chuàng)新。
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秦代散文和李斯
（1）文章羅列眾多事實，極力鋪陳。以逐客不利于秦的統(tǒng)一中心，首先鋪敘歷史上客卿輔助秦國并使之國富兵強的事實，以明客卿不曾有負于秦；其次臚述秦始皇看重外國的玩好之物，卻輕視客卿的事實，論定其重物輕人的錯誤；最后分析納客和逐客的利害關(guān)系，指出逐客非但不利于秦的統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，還會使秦國趨于危亡。（7分）
（2）舉重若輕，使重物與輕人形成鮮明對比，事理昭彰。例如文中就有這樣的描寫“今陛下致昆山之玉，有隨、和之寶，垂明月之珠，服太阿之劍，乘纖離之馬，建翠鳳之旗……”大肆鋪排秦王喜好外國珍寶、玩好、美色、音樂的事實，敷陳諧偶，頗具縱橫家法。然后提出“今取人則不然，不問可否，不論曲直，非秦者去，為客者逐……”的秦王逐客的政令。（7分）
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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