簡述派生詞的分類。
簡述語言和民族文化的相互作用。
語言內(nèi)部的詞義形成從哪些方面受到民族文化的影響？
簡述語素義和詞義之間的關系。
為什么說在論元結構中謂詞是處于支配地位的核心成分?
舉例說明音位和音素的區(qū)別。
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2.2詞的構造形式
按照詞綴在詞中的位置,派生詞可分成三小類:
(1)詞綴在前、詞根在后的前綴式派生詞,比如英語的“re-make(重做)”,漢語的“第—三、老一師”等。
(2)詞根在前、詞綴在后的后綴式派生詞,比如英語的“work-er(工人)”,漢語的“桌一子、甜一頭”等。
(3)詞綴在詞的中間或詞綴非連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的中綴式派生詞,比如英語的“ abso-fucking-lutely(絕對絕對地)、won- bloodly- derful(極好極好的)”,漢語的“古里古怪、糊里糊涂”等都可以看作中綴派生詞。
上述幾種詞綴有時可以一起出現(xiàn),如英語的“ un-like-ly(不太可能的)、un- gentle-man-li-ness(非紳士樣的風度)”,就是多重派生詞。
多做幾道
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