論述《儒林外史序》對小說主題與藝術(shù)的分析。
論述王國維關(guān)于造境、寫境的觀點(diǎn)。
論述《儒林外史序》對小說主題與藝術(shù)的分析。
論述王驥德《曲律》的戲劇理論主張。
論述張炎《詞源》的評詞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
論述嚴(yán)羽的“妙悟說”。
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周濟(jì)詞論選錄
（1）主題：揭示《儒林外史》的思想意義——“其書以功名富貴為一篇之骨。”《儒林外史》把知識分子對于功名富貴的態(tài)度作為區(qū)分他們的尺寸和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，深刻揭露功名富貴對知識分子的侵蝕和毒害，尖銳地抨擊了以功名富貴為目的的科舉制度，辛辣地鞭打了追求功名富貴的卑劣手段和可恥行徑。從理論上強(qiáng)調(diào)主題思想對小說創(chuàng)作的意義。（10分）
（2）藝術(shù)：要注意細(xì)節(jié)描寫的真實性。描寫人物形象的深刻性和生動性相統(tǒng)一。文藝作品形象的深刻性和生動性與文藝的美感教育作用是聯(lián)系在一起的?！度辶滞馐贰匪茉炝瞬簧俚牡湫托蜗螅谏鐣袭a(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的效果。書中正、反面典型都給人以美感教育作用，相反相成地發(fā)揮著道德規(guī)范作用。（10分）
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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