簡述組合規(guī)則和聚合規(guī)則的關系。
簡述語言和民族文化的相互作用。
語言內部的詞義形成從哪些方面受到民族文化的影響？
簡述語素義和詞義之間的關系。
為什么說在論元結構中謂詞是處于支配地位的核心成分?
舉例說明音位和音素的區(qū)別。
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2.2語法研究的角度和現(xiàn)象
組合規(guī)則和聚合規(guī)則是相互依存的:一方面可以說每個語法成分都處在既可能跟別的成分替換(聚合),又可能跟別的成分連接(組合)的關系之中;另一方面可以說聚合規(guī)則是潛在的,就像機器零件分門別類地存放在倉庫里,組合規(guī)則是現(xiàn)實的,就像按圖紙把零件組配成機器。把語法分成組合規(guī)則和聚合規(guī)則,就沒有必要特別考慮形態(tài)了,詞法中的構形問題和詞類問題可歸入聚合規(guī)則,而構詞問題和一般說的句法結構問題就屬于組合規(guī)則。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.