簡述洋涇浜語的特點。
簡述語言和民族文化的相互作用。
語言內(nèi)部的詞義形成從哪些方面受到民族文化的影響？
簡述語素義和詞義之間的關(guān)系。
為什么說在論元結(jié)構(gòu)中謂詞是處于支配地位的核心成分?
舉例說明音位和音素的區(qū)別。
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3.4語言的混合
洋涇浜語具有這樣一些特點:從語言功能上看,洋涇浜語只用于口頭交際,只有口頭形式而沒有書面形式,其使用范圍狹窄,至少在產(chǎn)生的初期,只用于同外國人進行貿(mào)易通商或其他有限的交往場合,沒有人把它作為母語或第一語言;從語言系統(tǒng)上看,洋涇浜語的語音夾雜有當?shù)匾?語音結(jié)構(gòu)也經(jīng)過當?shù)卣Z音系統(tǒng)的改造,語匯成分數(shù)量有限,基本來自外來語言,但也包含一些當?shù)卣Z言的語匯成分,語法也是不同語言的混合,語法規(guī)則通常己減少到最低限度。
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- 材料全屏? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rare Fossil Record? ? ?The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐動物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(魚龍) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils.? ? The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(頁巖)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.? ? Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long.? ? ?Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【單選】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the?_____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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